AsciiMath PHP

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About

AsciiMath is an easy-to-write markup language for mathematics. Try it:

Input:

Rendering:

`sum_(i=1)^n i^3=((n(n+1))/2)^2`

Getting Started

Download AsciiMath.php from GitHub and include it in your project.
```
require_once ('asciimath.php');
$am = new AMserver();
```
Some versions of Chrome don't offer a Math font by default. Include this link in your header:
```
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=STIX Two Math" rel="stylesheet">
```
Add mathematics anywhere in your web pages:
```
$euler = "e^i pi + 1 = 0";
echo "<p>Euler's Identity is {$am->parseMath($euler)}.</p>";
```
$am->parseMath($formula, $inline) has a second boolean parameter which defaults true. Inline formulas render directly within a sentence. Set false to render block (or display) formulas as centered, standalone paragraphs. This is equivalent to MathJax's \[ and \( brackets.

Syntax

Most AsciiMath symbols attempt to mimic in text what they look like rendered, like oo for `oo`. Many symbols can also be displayed using a TeX alternative, but a preceeding backslash is not required.

**Operation Symbols**
Type	TeX alt	See
+		$+$
-		$-$
*	cdot	$\cdot$
**	ast	$*$
***	star	$⋆$
//		$/$
setminus	backslash	$\$
xx	times	$\times$
-:	div	$- :$
\|><	times	$⋉$
><\|	rtimes	$⋊$
\|><\|	bowtie	$⋈$
@	circ	$\circ$
o+	oplus	$\oplus$
ox	otimes	$\otimes$
o.	odot	$⊙$
sum		$\sum$
prod		$\prod$
^^	wedge	$\land$
^^^	bigwedge	$⋀$
vv	vee	$\lor$
vvv	bigvee	$⋁$
nn	cap	$\cap$
nnn	bigcap	$⋂$
uu	cup	$\cup$
uuu	bigcup	$⋃$
dag	dagger	$†$
ddag	ddagger	$‡$
hbar		$ℏ$
frown		$⌢$

**Miscellaneous Symbols**
Type	Tex alt	See
2/3	frac{2}{3}	$\frac{2}{3}$
2^3		$2^{3}$
sqrt x		$\sqrt{x}$
root(3)(x)		$\sqrt[3]{x}$
int		$\int$
oint		$\oint$
del	partial	$\partial$
grad	nabla	$\nabla$
+-	pm	$\pm$
O/	emptyset	$\emptyset$
oo	infty	$\infty$
aleph		$ℵ$
:.	therefore	$∴$
:'	because	$∵$
\|...\|	\|ldots\|	$\| ... \|$
\|cdots\|		$\| \dots \|$
vdots		$⋮$
ddots		$⋱$
\|\ \|		$∣ ∣$
\|quad\|		$\| \|$
/_	angle	$∠$
frown		$⌢$
/_\	triangle	$∠$
diamond		$⋄$
square		$□$
\|__	lfloor	$⌊$
__\|	rfloor	$⌋$
\|~	lceiling	$⌈$
~\|	rceiling	$⌉$
CC		$ℂ$
NN		$ℕ$
QQ		$ℚ$
RR		$ℝ$
ZZ		$ℤ$
"hi"	text(hi)	$hi$

**Relation Symbols**
Type	TeX alt	See
=		$=$
!=	ne	$\neq$
<	lt	$<$
>	gt	$>$
<=	le	$\leq$
>=	ge	$\geq$
mlt	ll	$≪$
mgt	gg	$≫$
-<	prec	$≺$
-<=	preceq	$⪯$
>-	succ	$≻$
>-=	succeq	$⪰$
in		$\in$
!in	notin	$\notin$
sub	subset	$\subset$
!sub		$⊄$
sup	supset	$\supset$
!sup		$⊅$
supe	supseteq	$\supseteq$
!supe		$⊉$
sube	supseteq	$\subseteq$
!sube		$⊈$
-=	equiv	$\equiv$
!-=	notequiv	$≢$
-=	equiv	$\equiv$
~=	cong	$≅$
~~	approx	$\approx$
prop	propto	$\propto$
rightleftharpoons		$⇌$

**Logical Symbols**
Type	TeX alt	See
and		$and$
or		$or$
not	neg	$\neg$
=>	implies	$\Rightarrow$
if		$if$
<=>	iff	$\Leftrightarrow$
AA	forall	$\forall$
EE	exists	$\exists$
:\|:		$\|$
_\|_	bot	$⊥$
TT	top	$⊤$
\|--	vdash	$⊢$
\|==	models	$⊨$
square		$□$
diamond		$⋄$

**Grouping Brackets**
Type	TeX alt	See
( x+y )		$(x + y)$
[x+y]		$[x + y]$
{x+y}		${x + y}$
\|:x+y:\|		$\| x + y \|$
<x+y>		$< x + y >$
{x+y}		${x + y}$
(:x+y:)		$⟨ x + y ⟩$
<<x+y>>		$⟨ x + y ⟩$
{:x+y)		$x + y)$
(x+y:}		$(x + y$
abs(x)		$\| x \|$
floor(x)		$⌊ x ⌋$
ceil(x)		$⌈ x ⌉$
norm(vecx)		$∥ \vec{x} ∥$

**Arrows**
Type	TeX alt	See
uarr	uparrow	$↑$
darr	downarrow	$↓$
rarr	rightarrow	$\to$
->	to	$\to$
>->	rightarrowtail	$↣$
->>	twoheadrightarrow	$↠$
>->>	twoheadrightarrowtail	$⤖$
\|->	mapsto	$\mapsto$
larr	leftarrow	$\leftarrow$
harr	leftrightarrow	$\leftrightarrow$
rArr	Rightarrow	$\Rightarrow$
lArr	Leftarrow	$\Leftarrow$
hArr	Leftrightarrow	$\Leftrightarrow$

**Accents**
Type	TeX alt	See
hat x		$\hat{x}$
bar x	overline x	$\bar{x}$
ul x	underline x	$\underset{̲}{x}$
vec x		$\vec{x}$
tilde x		$\tilde{x}$
dot x		$\dot{x}$
ddot x		$\overset{..}{x}$
overset(x)(=)		$\overset{x}{=}$
underset(x)(=)		$\underset{x}{=}$
ubrace(1+2)	underbrace(1+2)	$\underset{⏟}{1+2}$
obrace(1+2)	overbrace(1+2)	$\overset{⏞}{1+2}$
overarc(AB)	overparen(AB)	$\overset{⏜}{A B}$
color(red)(x)		$x$
cancel(x)		$x$

**Greek Letters**
Type	See	Type	See
alpha	$α$
beta	$β$
gamma	$γ$	Gamma	$Γ$
delta	$δ$	Delta	$Δ$
epsilon	$ε$
varepsilon	$ɛ$
varepsilon	$ɛ$
zeta	$ζ$
eta	$η$
theta	$θ$	Theta	$Θ$
vartheta	$ϑ$
iota	$ι$
kappa	$κ$
lambda	$λ$	Lambda	$Λ$
mu	$μ$
nu	$ν$
xi	$ξ$	Xi	$Ξ$
pi	$π$	Pi	$Π$
rho	$ρ$
sigma	$σ$	Sigma	$Σ$
tau	$τ$
upsilon	$υ$
phi	$ϕ$	Phi	$Φ$
varphi	$φ$
chi	$χ$
psi	$ψ$	Psi	$Ψ$
omega	$ω$	Omega	$Ω$

**Font Commands**
Type	TeX alt	See
bb "AaBbCc"	mathbf "AaBbCc"	$𝐀𝐚𝐁𝐛𝐂𝐜$
bbb "AaBbCc"	mathbb "AaBbCc"	$𝔸𝕒𝔹𝕓ℂ𝕔$
cc "AaBbCc"	mathcal "AaBbCc"	$𝒜𝒶ℬ𝒷𝒞𝒸$
tt "AaBbCc"	mathtt "AaBbCc"	$𝙰𝚊𝙱𝚋𝙲𝚌$
fr "AaBbCc"	mathfrak "AaBbCc"	$𝔄𝔞𝔅𝔟ℭ𝔠$
sf "AaBbCc"	mathsf "AaBbCc"	$𝖠𝖺𝖡𝖻𝖢𝖼$
sfit "AaBbCc"		$𝘈𝘢𝘉𝘣𝘊𝘤$
bbsf "AaBbCc"		$𝗔𝗮𝗕𝗯𝗖𝗰$
bbcc "AaBbCc"		$𝓐𝓪𝓑𝓫𝓒𝓬$
bbfr "AaBbCc"		$𝕬𝖆𝕭𝖇𝕮𝖈$
bbit "AaBbCc"		$𝑨𝒂𝑩𝒃𝑪𝒄$
bbsfit "AaBbCc"		$𝘼𝙖𝘽𝙗𝘾𝙘$
bold "AaBbCc"		$AaBbCc$
italic AaBbCc"		$A a B b C c$
a quad b		$a b$
a qquad b		$a b$
a enspace b		$a b$
a thinspace b		$a b$
a mspace(20) b		$a b$

Standard Functions

Function names are treated as constants:
sin, cos, tan, sec, csc, cot, arcsin, arccos, arctan, sinh, cosh, tanh, sech, csch, coth, exp, log, ln, det, dim, mod, gcd, lcm, lub, glb, min, max, f, g.

Special Cases

Matrices (mix and match grouping brckets):

[[a,b]] yields $[\begin{matrix} a & b \end{matrix}]$

[(a,b)(c,d)] yields $[(a, b) (c, d)]$

((a),(b)) yields $(\begin{matrix} a \\ b \end{matrix})$

[[a,b],[c,d]] yields $[\begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{matrix}]$

Augmented matrices: [[a,b,|,c],[d,e,|,f]] yields $[\begin{matrix} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \end{matrix}]$

Matrices can be used for layout: {(2x,+,17y,=,23),(x,-,y,=,5):} yields ${\begin{cases} 2 x & + & 17 y & = & 23 \\ x & - & y & = & 5 \end{cases}$

Complex subscripts: lim_(N->oo) sum_(i=0)^N yields $lim_{N \to \infty} \sum_{i = 0}^{N}$

Subscripts must come before superscripts: int_0^1 f(x)dx yields $\int_{0}^{1} f (x) d x$

Derivatives: f(x) = dy/dx yields $f (x) = \frac{d y}{d x}$

For variables other than x,y,z, or t you will need grouping symbols: (dq)/(dp) yields $\frac{d q}{d p}$

OverBraces and underbraces:

ubrace(1+2+3+4)_("4 terms") yields $\underset{4 terms}{\underset{⏟}{1+2 + 3+4}}$

obrace(1+2+3+4)^("4 terms") yields $\overset{4 terms}{\overset{⏞}{1+2 + 3+4}}$

Attention: Always try to surround the > and < characters with spaces so that the html parser does not confuse it with an opening or closing tag!

Some Examples

x^2+y_1+z_12^34	$x^{2} + y_{1} + z_{12}^{34}$	subscripts as in TeX, but numbers are treated as a unit
sin^-1(x)	${sin}^{- 1} (x)$	function names are treated as constants
d/dxf(x)=lim_(h->0)(f(x+h)-f(x))/h	$\frac{d}{d x} f (x) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f (x + h) - f (x)}{h}$	complex subscripts are bracketed, displayed under lim
\frac{d}{dx}f(x)=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}	$\frac{d}{d x} f (x) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f (x + h) - f (x)}{h}$	standard LaTeX notation is an alternative
f(x)=sum_(n=0)^oo(f^((n))(a))/(n!)(x-a)^n	$f (x) = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{f^{(n)} (a)}{n!} {(x - a)}^{n}$	f^((n))(a) must be bracketed, else the numerator is only 'a'
f(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n	$f (x) = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{f^{(n)} (a)}{n!} {(x - a)}^{n}$	standard LaTeX produces a similar result
int_0^1f(x)dx	$\int_{0}^{1} f (x) d x$	subscripts must come before superscripts
[[a,b],[c,d]]((n),(k))	$[\begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{matrix}] (\begin{matrix} n \\ k \end{matrix})$	matrices and column vectors are simple to type
x/x={(1,if x!=0),("undefined",if x=0):}	$\frac{x}{x} = {\begin{cases} 1 & if x \neq 0 \\ undefined & if x = 0 \end{cases}$	piecewise defined functions are based on matrix notation
a//b	$a / b$	use //// for inline fractions
(a/b)/(c/d)	$\frac{\frac{a}{b}}{\frac{c}{d}}$	with brackets, multiple fraction work as expected
a/b/c/d	$\frac{a}{b} / \frac{c}{d}$	without brackets the parser chooses this particular expression
((a*b))/c	$\frac{(a \cdot b)}{c}$	only one level of brackets is removed; * gives standard product
sqrt sqrt root3x	$\sqrt{\sqrt{\sqrt[3]{x}}}$	spaces are optional, only serve to split strings that should not match
<< a,b >> and {:(x,y),(u,v):}	$⟨ a, b ⟩ and \begin{array}{l} x & y \\ u & v \end{array}$	angle brackets and invisible brackets
(a,b)={x in RR \| a < x < = b}	$(a, b) = {x \in ℝ ∣ a < x < = b}$	grouping brackets don't have to match
abc-123.45^-1.1	$a b c - 1 {23.45}^{- 1.1}$	non-tokens are split into single characters, but decimal numbers are parsed with possible sign
[[a,b,\|,c],[d,e,\|,f]]	$[\begin{matrix} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \end{matrix}]$	augmented matrices
{(2x,+,17y,=,23),(x,-,y,=,5):}	${\begin{cases} 2 x & + & 17 y & = & 23 \\ x & - & y & = & 5 \end{cases}$	Matrices can be used for layout
lim_(N->oo) sum_(i=0)^N	$lim_{N \to \infty} \sum_{i = 0}^{N}$	Complex subscripts
(dq)/(dp)	$\frac{d q}{d p}$	For variables other than x,y,z, or t you will need grouping symbols